The science
The serum is a leave-on alpha hydroxy acid product with a beta hydroxy acid supplement, and the evidence for that combination is mature. Glycolic acid, the smallest AHA, penetrates the stratum corneum readily and reduces corneocyte cohesion by interfering with the ionic bonds that hold the outer layers together, producing thinning of the stratum corneum, thickening of the viable epidermis and, over months, increased dermal glycosaminoglycans and collagen; controlled trials at 8 to 10 percent over twelve weeks show improved texture, reduced fine lines and lightening of pigment, with both efficacy and irritation rising as pH falls and free-acid concentration rises. Lactic acid, larger and more hydrophilic, exfoliates more gradually and increases ceramide synthesis and stratum corneum hydration, and trials at 5 to 12 percent show comparable texture benefits with somewhat less irritation. Salicylic acid at low percentages contributes lipophilic exfoliation within the follicle. Sodium hydroxide partially neutralises the blend; without a stated pH, the free-acid fraction cannot be calculated, and the brand's 10 percent claim does not specify whether it is the glycolic content or the total.
Ethoxydiglycol, sixth on the list, is the ingredient that most alters the pharmacology. It is a glycol ether solvent used as a penetration enhancer that increases the partitioning of small polar molecules into the stratum corneum, and in a glycolic acid formulation it raises delivery of the acid into the epidermis, increasing both the exfoliating effect and the irritation potential relative to the same acid in a plain aqueous gel. Its presence supports the user reports of rapid results and of stinging and flaking at daily frequency.
Licorice root extract supplies glabridin and related flavonoids with in-vitro tyrosinase inhibition and anti-inflammatory activity and small clinical signals for melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, at supporting rather than treatment levels here. Green tea catechins, phytic acid and tocopherol provide antioxidant activity relevant to acid-treated skin, which shows transiently increased oxidative stress and ultraviolet sensitivity; the photosensitisation of glycolic-treated skin is well documented and persists for several days after application, which is the basis for the sunscreen requirement. The fruit extracts contribute negligible acid compared with the purified molecules above them. The absence of fragrance and alcohol lowers the additional sensitisation load, but the combined acid content, the enhancer and the undisclosed pH place this among the stronger leave-on exfoliants available without prescription, appropriate for resilient skin at reduced frequency and inappropriate for rosacea, atopic dermatitis and barrier-compromised skin.