The science
Two exfoliation mechanisms share this tube, and the second is the one that determines how it should be used. The physical component is straightforward: sucrose crystals abrade the outermost stratum corneum with rounded edges and dissolve in water within about half a minute, hydrated silica provides a persistent fine polish, and ground lemon peel adds a fibrous grit; because the dominant particle disappears during use, the mechanical dose is self-limiting in a way that plastic beads or crushed shells are not. The chemical component is a ten percent blend of glycolic and lactic acids, buffered by sodium hydroxide and sodium lactate to a pH the brand does not disclose. Alpha hydroxy acids work by reducing corneocyte cohesion at the lowest levels of the stratum corneum, and a 2018 review in Molecules by Tang and Yang summarised the double-edged evidence: at low concentrations glycolic acid improves texture, hydration and even shows some photoprotective effect in cell models, while at higher concentrations, and particularly at three percent and above in vivo, the same acid increases reactive oxygen species in combination with UVB and can produce swelling, burning and itch, with lactic acid consistently found less irritating than glycolic at matched concentrations, likely because it is a native component of the skin's own natural moisturising factor. That literature explains this scrub's design, which pairs the faster glycolic with the gentler lactic and limits contact to a two-minute rinse-off, and it explains the brand's own warnings about frequency and sun protection.
The supporting ingredients are chosen for feel and identity rather than efficacy. Glycerin, second on the list, and sodium lactate are humectants that counter the drying tendency of a scrub and are largely rinsed away; sodium cocoyl isethionate supplies a small, mild lather; licorice and chamomile extracts are anti-inflammatory gestures at low levels; and the citrus story is delivered by lemon peel powder, lemon and lime extracts and lemon and bergamot peel oils, which together contribute limonene, citral and linalool, terpenes that oxidise on air exposure into the hydroperoxides responsible for most citrus-related contact allergy. Bergamot oil additionally contains furocoumarins that are phototoxic unless the oil is bergapten-free, which the label does not specify; in a rinse-off product the exposure is small, but on skin already sensitised by ten percent AHA it is one more reason for daytime sun protection. The brand's single-use panel of thirty-seven, reporting universal agreement on smoother, more even-looking skin, is consistent with what a sugar-and-AHA polish does mechanically in one application and should not be read as evidence about longer-term outcomes.
References 1 ShowHide
- Dual Effects of Alpha-Hydroxy Acids on the Skin — Molecules (2018)