The science
The pad's active is niacinamide, which at the sixth position in a twenty-four-ingredient essence is consistent with a concentration in the 2 to 5 percent range at which randomised trials show reduced inflammatory acne lesions, erythema and sebum and reduced post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation via inhibition of melanosome transfer over eight to twelve weeks. Gluconolactone, a polyhydroxy acid, produces gradual corneocyte desquamation with markedly less erythema and barrier disruption than glycolic acid in comparative studies, together with humectant and chelating antioxidant activity, which suits it to inflamed acne-prone skin and explains the pad's tolerability. Houttuynia cordata extract, panthenol, allantoin and beta-glucan provide soothing and barrier-supporting activity with in vitro and small clinical support; trehalose, sodium hyaluronate, hydrolysed hyaluronic acid and sodium acetylated hyaluronate hydrate, the acetylated form with some substantivity to skin. Allium cepa bulb extract forms the aqueous base; onion extract's quercetin and organosulfur compounds have in vitro anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic data, and its clinical record derives from concentrated scar gels applied to surgical and hypertrophic scars for months, with modest and mixed results; no evidence supports a scar effect from onion extract in a toner pad.
The Sodium Heparin+3 Complex is placed more prominently than in the line's toner but remains undeclared. Sodium heparin, an animal-derived glycosaminoglycan, has topical use in bruise gels and some scar gels with limited evidence for scar modulation; tranexamic acid has controlled evidence for melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation at 2 to 5 percent in leave-on use; sodium ascorbyl phosphate has evidence at 1 to 5 percent for acne and mild brightening. Their positions here, eighth and mid-list, are compatible with low but not negligible levels; without declared percentages their contribution should be regarded as modest. Adenosine supports a Korean functional wrinkle claim; Melia azadirachta and Coccinia indica extracts add antioxidant notes; hydroxyethylcellulose thickens, citric acid buffers, and preservation uses 1,2-hexanediol and ethylhexylglycerin. The formula is fragrance-free, alcohol-free, oil-free and fungal-acne-safe, suitable in pregnancy, and non-vegan owing to the heparin. Mechanical wiping over inflamed lesions should be gentle. The brand's testing is unpublished, and no independent study exists.