Proya Advanced Firming Nourishing Eye Cream 2.0 silver airless tube with red cap and metal ball massage head
Supporting role for Aging
What makes this different

Most retinol eye creams pick either retinol or peptides; this stacks a cyclodextrin-encapsulated retinol with six peptides and a three-ceramide barrier set, then adds a fridge-friendly metal massage head. The 2.0 reformulation swapped acetyl hexapeptide-8 for acetyl hexapeptide-1 and moved to an airless tube, which is why it can promise a nightly ramp rather than the two-nights-a-week caution most retinol eye creams carry.

Proya

Proya Advanced Firming Nourishing Eye Cream 2.0 Review

C-Beauty Retinol Eye Cream Eye Creams cream c beauty Paraben free Not cruelty free

A seriously loaded eye cream: encapsulated retinol, six peptides, three ceramides and a fridge-friendly metal head, at a price that undercuts most Western retinol eye creams. The retinol is gentler than the 0.4% headline suggests, and the fragrance is an unforced error, but as a nightly under-eye retinoid for beginners this is one of the better-built options going.

Price $47.99 20g / 0.71 oz
Shopper rating 5 ★★★★★ 5 reviews
On the market 2022 Made in China
Buy at Amazon ♥
Verdicts

How well it fits each concern

Proya has sold this eye cream in enormous volumes in China since 2022, but the confirmable English-language review base is only a handful strong and the peptide efficacy figures come from the brand's own four-week study. The score therefore weights the ingredient analysis and the Ruby line's track record more heavily than independent user outcomes.

One verdict per concern. Open a row for the reasoning; the receipt has every source.

The scaleRecommendedGoodSupportingEarly evidenceNot for thisAvoidhow it works

Supporting rolefor AgingRetinol is a trial-supported active for aging, but this cream carries it below the studied range — a supporting role at best.Receipt4 sources on the row · 0.04% declared, studied range 0.075–0.5% · row checked Jul 17, 2026 · rule R7, same reading on 227 products · open the receipt

The case for it

  1. Retinol has trial-supported standing for this concern.
  2. It is present below the studied range.
  3. The formula carries no trigger this concern is sensitive to, with the cautions noted.

Moderate evidenceStandard tolerabilityNo reviews read yet

What would change this: A concentration inside the studied range would raise this a step.

Same rule for everyone. “Supporting role” is the verdict on 7,796 of 45,446 concern verdicts across the catalog; rule R7 decided 227 of them. Unchanged since September 25, 2026, engine 5.2.0.

Brand or formulator? Disclose a concentration or correct a fact →

The full receipt: rule, row, sources, dates →All aging products →

Supporting rolefor Dark CirclesRetinol has early evidence for dark circles, and hydration of the periorbital area is the recognised companion to treating it — a reasonable supporting choice, short of a recommendation.Receipt1 source on the row · 0.04% declared · row checked Jul 17, 2026 · rule R8a, same reading on 1,509 products · open the receipt

The case for it

  1. Retinol has early or mechanistic evidence for this concern, not trial-backed standing.
  2. It is present at an effective concentration, declared or high in the ingredient list.
  3. The formula carries no trigger this concern is sensitive to, with the cautions noted.

Limited evidenceStandard tolerabilityNo reviews read yet

Cautions: fragrance.

What would change this: Trial evidence for the active on this concern would move this from a bet to a recommendation.

Same rule for everyone. “Supporting role” is the verdict on 7,796 of 45,446 concern verdicts across the catalog; rule R8a decided 1,509 of them. Unchanged since September 25, 2026, engine 5.2.0.

Brand or formulator? Disclose a concentration or correct a fact →

The full receipt: rule, row, sources, dates →All dark circles products →

Also listed for Dullness — the actives here (Plant Butters, Retinol, Matrixyl Peptides, Peptides) are in our research queue for that concern; there is no verdict until their evidence rows are written. That is a gap in our table, not a mark against the product.

Does the jobDoes what a eye cream is for: safe for eye skin, targets a real eye concern. Not measured from the label: hydrates without heaviness, stays where it's put.

A verdict is Dermington’s assessment of how well a product’s ingredients fit a concern — never a claim about what the product treats. Evidence dots and collected reviews sit beside it and are never blended in. Rules 0.5.1 · evidence table ev-2026.10-r231 · engine 5.2.0 · how we decide · this product’s receipt

Reader poll · Town SquareQuestion 1 of up to 3

Have you used Advanced Firming Nourishing Eye Cream 2.0?

One tap counts. A couple of optional follow-ups come next.

No account neededOne answer each, change it any timeCounted only in anonymous totalsHow the Square counts →
Assessment

Pros & cons

What it does well 7

  • Encapsulated retinol dosed gently enough for nightly under-eye use after a short ramp
  • Six peptides including the well-studied Matrixyl 3000 pair
  • Three ceramides, cholesterol and phytosphingosine keep the eye area from drying out
  • Ergothioneine and ectoin add antioxidant and osmotic protection
  • Airless vacuum tube protects the retinol from light and oxidation
  • Chilled metal massage head gives a real, if temporary, depuffing effect
  • Priced below most Western retinol eye creams with comparable ingredient density

Where it falls short 6

  • Contains fragrance, an odd choice for a retinol eye product
  • True retinol content is around 0.04%, far below the 0.4% headline
  • Very long ingredient list raises the odds of a reaction on sensitive lids
  • Applicator seam traps product and needs regular wiping
  • Airless tube gives no indication of remaining product
  • A 3.0 version already exists in China, so the 2.0 is one generation behind
Review

The full review

The gadget got there first. In 2022 Chinese beauty feeds were full of a slim silver tube, red cut-glass cap and all, with a metal ball on top being rolled across under-eyes fresh from the fridge, and the nickname stuck before most people had read the ingredient list: the ice spinner. Proya's Advanced Firming Nourishing Eye Cream 2.0 is that tube. The applicator is genuinely pleasant, and cold metal pressed along the orbital bone does take down morning puffiness for an hour or two, but a chilled head is a party trick. The question worth answering is whether the cream it dispenses is a real retinoid eye treatment or a peptide-flavoured moisturizer with a good marketing department.

It is, mostly, the former. The formula is dense in a way that feels almost defiant. Retinol sits mid-list, encapsulated in hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin, which is what Proya means by supramolecular. Behind it come six peptides, led by acetyl hexapeptide-1, the reason for the 2.0 badge: the original eye cream used acetyl hexapeptide-8, and Proya swapped it for a peptide it positions around elastin support, then kept the Matrixyl 3000 pairing of palmitoyl tripeptide-1 and tetrapeptide-7, added dipeptide-2 and acetyl dipeptide-1 cetyl ester for circulation and expression lines, and finished with the tetradecyl aminobutyroyl peptide better known from snake-venom-mimic marketing. There is ergothioneine and ectoin for oxidative and osmotic stress, niacinamide, three ceramides with cholesterol and phytosphingosine for the barrier, and a cupuaçu-shea-squalane emollient base that makes the whole thing glide.

The number everyone quotes needs unpacking, because it is where the marketing and the chemistry part company. Proya advertises 0.4% retinol, and that figure describes the encapsulated complex, not the retinol inside it. The brand's own Chinese-market disclosures, and the enthusiast-blogger dissections that followed them, put the actual retinol nearer 0.04%. That is not a scandal, and for an eye cream it is arguably the right call: the skin under the eye is the thinnest on the face, and a true 0.4% retinol there would have most people flaking within a week. But it does mean the retinol is a slow, gentle nudge rather than the powerhouse the headline implies, and the four-week results Proya cites from its in-house study, a 39% reduction in wrinkle volume and 23% improvement in firmness, come from a brand-run test with no independent replication. Treat them as a direction of travel, not a promise.

In practice the cream behaves like a well-cushioned beginner retinoid. The texture is a satin balm that melts under the metal head and settles into a velvety film with no greasiness and, by every account I could find, no milia. The first week is uneventful. Somewhere in week two there may be a whisper of tightness at the outer corner, the point at which the low-dose retinol is starting to work, and it passes once the skin adapts to nightly use. By the end of the first month the crepiness that makes concealer sit badly is softer, and the under-eye looks a shade brighter, partly from the niacinamide and hesperidin derivatives and partly because hydrated skin reflects light better. The deeper firming claim wants two or three months, as every honest peptide-and-retinoid product does.

The limitations are specific. First, and most irritatingly, there is fragrance. It is faint and gone in a minute, but a retinol eye cream from a brand that markets itself on formulation science should not carry perfume, and for anyone with reactive eyelids it is reason enough to look elsewhere. Second, the ingredient list is long enough that anyone with known sensitivities will find something to worry about, from citrus extract to chlorhexidine digluconate in the preservative system. Third, the applicator, for all its charm, collects cream in the seam around the head and needs wiping, and the vacuum tube gives no sense of how much is left. And fourth, this is the 2.0 in a range that has already moved on to a 3.0 in China; the 2.0 is not discontinued and export retailers still stock both, but the version you see praised on Chinese platforms this year may not be the one in your cart.

On value the picture depends entirely on where you buy. In China this sells for the equivalent of thirty dollars or so; abroad it lands closer to fifty once export retailers take their cut. At fifty it is still cheaper than most Western retinol eye creams with a fraction of this ingredient density, and the 20g tube lasts around three months of nightly use for both eyes, so the monthly cost is modest. It is not a bargain in the way Proya's face serums are, but the formula justifies the price better than the packaging does.

The recommendation is straightforward for the right person. Someone in their late twenties to forties who wants to start retinol around the eyes without the drama, who does not react to light fragrance, and who is patient enough to give it a season, will get a genuinely well-built product for the money. Someone with sensitive or eczema-prone eyelids, anyone pregnant, or anyone who wants the true 0.3%-plus retinol dose that heavier lines call for should look elsewhere. The ice spinner will get you to the tube; the cream inside earns the repeat purchase, fragrance aside.

The science

The formula's logic is a low-dose retinoid surrounded by peptides that can act while the retinoid ramps up. Retinol's effect on photoaged skin is among the best-documented in dermatology: topical retinoids increase epidermal thickness, stimulate dermal collagen synthesis and reduce fine wrinkling, and the eye area responds to lower concentrations than the cheek because the skin is thinner and more permeable. The cyclodextrin encapsulation matters here for two reasons: hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin shields retinol from oxidation, extending its shelf life in the airless tube, and it slows release into the skin, flattening the irritation peak that bare retinol produces.

The peptide set leans on the Matrixyl 3000 pairing of palmitoyl tripeptide-1 and palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7, which has small vehicle-controlled human studies behind it showing reductions in wrinkle depth over eight to twelve weeks, and on acetyl hexapeptide-1, for which the evidence is largely in vitro and supplier-generated. Proya's headline claims for the eye cream, a 39% reduction in wrinkle volume and 23% improvement in firmness at four weeks, come from an in-house study the brand has not published in a peer-reviewed journal, so they should be read as marketing data rather than trial evidence.

The barrier and antioxidant support is where the formulation is quietly strong. A ceramide NP, NS and AP set with cholesterol and phytosphingosine approximates the lipid classes of the stratum corneum, and topical ceramide-cholesterol mixtures are well established to accelerate barrier recovery. Ectoin is an extremolyte with published evidence for reducing UV-induced inflammation and holding water in the outer epidermis, and ergothioneine is a thiol antioxidant that accumulates in mitochondria. Together they explain why a nightly retinoid eye cream can be tolerated where most need alternate-night dosing. What the science does not support is any meaningful effect on pigment-driven or structural dark circles; the brightening ingredients target circulation and dullness only.

The clinical view

The clinical view of retinoid eye creams is consistent: the eye area benefits from retinoids at low concentrations, and an encapsulated retinol in a rich, ceramide-supported base is a sensible way to deliver one to skin that is thin and prone to irritation. Dermatologists generally treat peptides as a reasonable adjunct rather than a substitute for a retinoid, and this formula gets that priority right by keeping retinol as the primary active. The reservations a clinician would raise are the fragrance, which has no place in a product applied to the eyelid margin, and the very long ingredient list, which makes contact allergy harder to trace if it occurs. Standard guidance also applies: retinoids are avoided in pregnancy, patients with atopic eyelid dermatitis or active blepharitis should not use them, and daily sunscreen over the area is non-negotiable. For a healthy adult beginning eye-area retinoids, this is a defensible choice provided the fragrance is tolerated.

Formula

Key ingredients

  1. Acetyl Hexapeptide-1 (Hexapeptide-1 PRO)

    The peptide Proya built the 2.0 reformulation around, replacing the acetyl hexapeptide-8 of the original. It is positioned as a signal peptide that supports elastin and collagen structure around the orbital bone, and it leads a six-peptide cast (palmitoyl tripeptide-1, palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7, dipeptide-2, acetyl dipeptide-1 cetyl ester and the syn-ake style tetradecyl aminobutyroyl peptide) meant to cover both expression lines and sagging.

    Limited for Aging
  2. Retinol (supramolecular complex, 0.4% of the encapsulated complex) ~0.04% actual retinol

    The genuine turnover engine here, but at eye-area strength: the widely quoted 0.4% figure refers to a cyclodextrin-encapsulated complex, and Proya's own Chinese-market disclosures put the active retinol nearer 0.04%. The hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin encapsulation slows release so the retinol can sit under the eye every night without the flaking a bare retinol would cause on that thin skin.

    Emerging for Aging
  3. Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1 + Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7

    The Matrixyl 3000 pairing, appearing directly after the retinol in the list, gives the cream a second, gentler collagen-support signal that works while the low-dose retinol is still ramping up. Around the eye, where retinol has to be dosed cautiously, this pair carries a meaningful share of the firming claim.

    Not yet assessed
  4. Ergothioneine + Ectoin

    A mitochondrial antioxidant and an extremolyte, included to blunt the oxidative and inflammatory stress that retinol and expression movement put on eye-area skin. Ectoin also holds water in the outer layers, which is why the cream reads as plumping rather than drying despite the retinoid.

    Not yet assessed
  5. Ceramides NP, NS, AP + Cholesterol + Phytosphingosine

    A three-ceramide, cholesterol and sphingoid-base set placed toward the back of the formula to rebuild the barrier the retinol is nudging. It is what lets a nightly retinol eye cream avoid the tight, crepey feeling that usually forces people to cut back to a few nights a week.

    Not yet assessed
  6. Theobroma Grandiflorum (Cupuaçu) Seed Butter + Squalane

    Cupuaçu butter sits third in the list and gives the cream its rich, cushioned slip, backed by squalane and shea. Together they form the emollient base that makes the satin texture feel nourishing rather than greasy under the metal massage head.

    Not yet assessed
Full ingredient list 89 ingredients ShowHide

Water, Glycerin, Theobroma Grandiflorum Seed Butter, Butylene Glycol, Cyclopentasiloxane, Dimethicone, Squalane, Glyceryl Stearate, Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter, Isotridecyl Isononanoate, PEG-100 Stearate, Phytosteryl Macadamiate, Trehalose, Panthenol, Phytosteryl/Octyldodecyl Lauroyl Glutamate, Polysilicone-11, Cetyl Alcohol, PEG-40 Stearate, Cyclohexasiloxane, Ammonium Polyacryloyldimethyl Taurate, 1,2-Hexanediol, Hydroxyacetophenone, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Hexyldecanol, Polyacrylate-13, Pentylene Glycol, Glyceryl Glucoside, Hydroxypropyl Cyclodextrin, Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract, Citrus Reticulata (Tangerine) Fruit Extract, Steareth-20, Hesperidin Methyl Chalcone, Polyisobutene, Glycine Soja (Soybean) Extract, Niacinamide, Ectoin, Glucosyl Hesperidin, Retinol, Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1, Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7, Acetyl Dipeptide-1 Cetyl Ester, Dipeptide-2, Acetyl Hexapeptide-1, Tetradecyl Aminobutyroylvalylaminobutyric Urea Trifluoroacetate, Ergothioneine, Stephania Tetrandra Extract, Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate, Adenosine, Caesalpinia Spinosa Fruit Extract, Ceramide NP, Kappaphycus Alvarezii Extract, Pentaerythrityl Tetra-di-t-butyl Hydroxyhydrocinnamate, Cholesterol, Perilla Ocymoides Seed Oil, Sodium Hyaluronate, Ceramide NS, Ceramide AP, Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Beta-Carotene, Chrysin, Tocopherol, Salicyloyl Phytosphingosine, Biotin, Citric Acid, Caprylyl Glycol, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Stearoxy Ether, Hydrogenated Lecithin, Dimethiconol, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Sorbitan Laurate, 4-t-Butylcyclohexanol, PEG/PPG/Polybutylene Glycol-8/5/3 Glycerin, Hydroxyphenyl Propamidobenzoic Acid, Sodium Citrate, Phytosphingosine, Ethylhexylglycerin, Magnesium Chloride, Tricetyl Phosphate, N-Hydroxysuccinimide, Polysorbate 20, Phenoxyethanol, Chlorhexidine Digluconate, Potassium Sorbate, Phenethyl Alcohol, Sorbitan Isostearate, Disodium EDTA, Fragrance

Safety & formulation facts

  • Not pregnancy safe
  • Not fragrance free
  • Alcohol free
  • Not oil free
  • Not silicone free
  • Paraben free
  • Sulfate free
  • Not cruelty free
  • Not vegan
  • Not fungal-acne safe
Pore-clogging (comedogenic) Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter
Potential irritants RetinolFragranceCitrus Reticulata Fruit Extract
Common allergens FragranceChlorhexidine Digluconate
Compatibility

Skin types & routine

Routine step treatment
Time of day Night
Best season All year
Finish satin, velvety

Layering

Tap a rice-grain amount under and around each eye after serum and before moisturizer, using the chilled metal head to press it in rather than rubbing. Proya's own ramp is every two days in week one, every other night in week two, then nightly. Keep acids and other retinoids away from the orbital area on the same night.

When to expect results

Cooler, less puffy-looking eyes from the massage head on day one; softer fine lines and a plumper under-eye by about four weeks; the firming and brightening claims need eight to twelve weeks of nightly use to judge.

Pairs well with moisturizersunscreenserum
Don't combine with exfoliantretinoid

A routine built around it

Morning

  1. Gentle cleanser
  2. Hydrating serum
  3. Moisturizer
  4. Sunscreen

Night

  1. Cleanser
  2. Serum
  3. Proya Advanced Firming Nourishing Eye Cream 2.0this product
  4. Moisturizer
Guidance

How to use it, and who it's for

How to use

Use at night on clean, dry skin after any serum. Dispense a rice-grain amount for both eyes and press it along the orbital bone with the metal head, working from the inner corner outward and avoiding the lash line. For depuffing, keep the tube in the fridge and glide the chilled head over the under-eye before pressing the cream in. Follow Proya's ramp, every two days in week one, every other night in week two, nightly from week three, and layer moisturizer over it if the area feels tight. Wear SPF over the eye area every morning and wipe the applicator head after each use.

Is it worth the price?

At roughly $48 for 20g from export retailers, this sits in the middle of the retinol eye cream market and delivers an ingredient list that would cost considerably more from a Western prestige brand. The tube lasts about three months of nightly use, so the monthly cost is closer to sixteen dollars. The price is inflated relative to its Chinese shelf price, roughly thirty dollars, and Proya is an established rather than legacy brand whose peptide claims rest on its own testing, so the premium is for formulation density rather than proven outcomes. It is fair value, not a steal, and the fragrance slightly undercuts what you are paying for. Only one size is sold.

Who should buy it

Anyone from their late twenties onward who wants to introduce retinol around the eyes without the flaking a stronger formula brings, and who values a rich, cushioned texture with peptides and ceramides doing supporting work. Fans of the depuffing ritual will enjoy the chilled metal head as a real bonus.

Who should skip it

People with sensitive, eczema-prone or perfume-reactive eyelids, given the fragrance and the very long ingredient list. Anyone pregnant or breastfeeding, and anyone with deeper lines who needs a true 0.3% or higher retinol dose rather than the gentle 0.04% here.

Ready to try it?Proya Advanced Firming Nourishing Eye Cream 2.0 · $47.99 · 20g / 0.71 oz
Details

The product, in detail

Texture
Dense satin cream that melts on contact with the cool metal head and leaves a faint velvety film.
Scent
A light, sweet-floral perfume that fades within a minute — noticeable, and a genuine miss for a retinol eye cream.
Packaging
Slim silver airless tube under a faceted red cap, topped with a spherical zinc-alloy massage head; the sealed vacuum design keeps the retinol from light and air, and the ball chills quickly in the fridge.
How long it lasts
Roughly three months of nightly use for both eyes at a rice-grain dose from the 20g tube.
Once opened
Use within 12 months · track your toss-by date →
Size
20g / 0.71 oz
Made in
China
Launched
2022

What the first two weeks feel like

The first few applications feel cool and cushioning with no sting; a mild tightness or a couple of tiny dry flakes at the outer corner during week two is the low-dose retinol acclimatizing and settles once nightly use begins.

The story behind it

Why it exists

Proya's Ruby Essence made encapsulated retinol a mass-market category in China in 2020, and the eye cream followed as the range's second pillar. The 2.0 version arrived in 2022 with a new headline peptide, a redesigned vacuum tube and the ice-spinner applicator that became its social-media signature.

About Proya Established Brand (5–20 years)

Proya, founded in Hangzhou in 2003, is one of China's largest listed skincare companies and has built its reputation on ingredient-forward, mid-priced formulas developed in-house. Its Ruby anti-aging line, of which this eye cream is the 2.0 iteration, is among the most-sold retinol-peptide ranges in the Chinese market, though independent Western clinical testing of individual products remains scarce.

Brand founded 2003 · This product since 2022

Myth vs. reality

What people get wrong about it

MythThe 0.4% retinol label means this is a strong retinol eye cream.

RealityThe 0.4% describes the encapsulated supramolecular complex; the retinol within it is closer to 0.04%, which is why nightly use around the eyes is tolerable and why results build slowly.

MythSix peptides mean six times the firming.

RealityPeptide evidence is strongest for palmitoyl tripeptide-1 and tetrapeptide-7 at cosmetic doses; the others are supporting players, and the low-dose retinol still does the heaviest lifting on lines.

FAQ

Questions people ask

How much retinol is actually in the Proya Advanced Firming Nourishing Eye Cream 2.0?

The 0.4% on the label refers to Proya's encapsulated supramolecular retinol complex. Proya's Chinese-market disclosures put the true retinol content at roughly 0.04%, which is an eye-appropriate dose meant for nightly use after a short ramp.

Can I use the Proya Ruby eye cream 2.0 every night?

Yes, after the ramp Proya recommends: every two days in week one, every other night in week two, then nightly. The ceramide-cholesterol base and cyclodextrin encapsulation are what make nightly use realistic.

What does the metal head on the Proya 2.0 eye cream do?

It is a zinc-alloy massage head that stays cool and lets you press the cream in without dragging the skin. Chilled in the fridge it noticeably reduces morning puffiness, though the depuffing is physical and temporary.

Is Proya Advanced Firming Nourishing Eye Cream 2.0 safe during pregnancy?

No. Even at a low dose it contains retinol, which the usual clinical guidance says to avoid while pregnant or breastfeeding. Proya's non-retinol Double Effect eye cream is the brand's alternative.

Does the Proya 2.0 eye cream help with dark circles?

Modestly, and only for the dullness-type circles: niacinamide, glucosyl hesperidin and hesperidin methyl chalcone target circulation and tone. Circles caused by hollowing or pigment will not change much.

What is the difference between Proya eye cream 2.0 and 3.0?

The 2.0 is the 2022 version with acetyl hexapeptide-1 and the ice-spinner head. Proya later released a 3.0 with a revised peptide and retinol package; both remain on sale through export retailers, and the 2.0 is usually the cheaper of the two.

Reviews

What shoppers tend to say

Recurring themes our editors read across retailer reviews — summaries in our words, not quotations, and not a substitute for a patch test.

Common praise

  • Early feedback highlights the cooling metal head for morning puffiness
  • Rich texture without reports of milia so far
  • Fine lines described as softer within a month

Common complaints

  • Faint fragrance is unexpected in a retinol eye product
  • Applicator head can be fiddly to clean
  • Pricier abroad than in China
Notable endorsementsFlagship of Proya's Ruby anti-aging lineConsistently among the top-selling eye creams on Tmall during 618 and Double 11 events
Next stepCheck it against what you already useClashes, spacing and the right order, with everything on your shelf.